Heres why youre never too old for a career change

Heres why youre never unreasonably old for a lifelong change It’s consistently terrifying to change employments. In any case, it can appear to be out and out startling in the event that you have given years (or decades!) to voyaging one vocation way and need to do a total switch. Don’t let dread keep you down here and there, conditions call for striking strokes. Regardless of whether you have an objective your present position won’t permit you to come to, a rundown of disappointments, or essentially are exhausted and need to roll out an improvement, you can do it. Here are a couple of reasons why it’s never past the point of no return for you to land the position (and the vocation) you’ve consistently needed. Rolling out an improvement may include difficult work and hazard, however on the off chance that you center and truly need it, change is feasible at any age.Your aptitudes can transfer.You’ve effectively invested energy in the working scene, which implies you’ve gained two arrangements of a bilities: general delicate abilities that apply to any jobâ (think time the board, correspondence, office decorum) and aptitudes explicit to your picked industry. The previous will work well for you regardless of where you land.What you don’t know, you can learn with time and difficult work. What's more, what you do know can without much of a stretch be moved into another field, position, industry, or way. Your activity explicit aptitudes may in any event, carry a new component to your new vocation that would make you an appealing candidate.You’ve sufficiently earned to float.At this point in your profession, you’re most likely agreeable enough to have given yourself a decent pad to accepting a decrease in salary to do what you love. That doesn’t mean you ought to stray into the red or work for short of what you are worth-simply think of it as not the apocalypse to make less for a brief period. Gauge your joy against the compensation misfortune and see w hat comes out on top.You won't appear flaky.Just in light of the fact that you picked a field in your mid twenties doesn’t mean you’re stayed with it for good. Needing a change, even a significant one, doesn’t make you flighty or hesitant. It just methods you’ve grown up and distinguished your inclinations. Uplifting news! You’re expected to develop! Overlook individuals who state you don’t realize what you need to do with your life. The inverse is valid: youâ do know, and you’re effectively seeking after it.Your energy will be infectious.Wouldn’t you rather be brilliant, sparkly, and positive about something once more? In the event that you’re getting up each early daytime fearing your work day, it may be the ideal opportunity for you to think about a change. Life’s excessively short and you’re using up all available time! Roll out the improvements you have to carry on with the existence you need. Your dr ive and energy will seep into all that you do inside and outside of work.It’s never past the point where it is possible to begin something new, so don’t keep yourself down in light of the fact that you think it’s unseemly. Remember: you may need to begin gradually, which is fine! You’ll need to evaluate the holes you may have in your abilities or instruction, and afterward work to fill them before you become an appealing competitor. Be that as it may, in the event that you think there is a way, you ought to most likely go for it. You’ll never know until you attempt.

Corporations Associations Cases Materials †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Corporations Associations Cases Materials? Answer: Introducation An agreement is something in excess of a minor understanding made between at least two people. In this manner, there are sure components that ought to be available so as to make an agreement authoritative on the gatherings. In such manner, it is required that there ought to be an offer made by one gathering to the next one, the equivalent ought to be acknowledged by the other party and also it ought to be the aim of the gatherings to enter legitimately restricting relationship. There is additionally a prerequisite of a cost paid. It may not be as cash (Re McArdle, 1951). The gatherings ought to likewise have the lawful ability to make the agreement willingly (Crown Lands Comrs v Page, 1960). The gatherings ought to enter the agreement after appropriately getting it. Then again, the assent of the gatherings is valued if there is any undue impact, pressure or bogus articulations because of which the agreement could get illicit and void. Along these lines, the components that are required to exhibit that a coupling contract is available are:- Offer: an offer ought to be made by one gathering to the next. Acknowledgment: the offer ought to be acknowledged by their gathering precisely on similar terms. The acquaintance of new terms sums with a counteroffer. Thought: the guarantee made by the gatherings and the agreement ought to be upheld by the legitimate thought. Commonality of commitments: Both the gatherings under the agreement ought to acknowledge their commitments forced by the agreement. Limit: the gatherings ought to have the legitimate ability to enter the agreement A large portion of the agreements can be either recorded as a hard copy or made orally and still these agreements can be authorized by the law. Anyway there are sure specific components that are required by the law to be recorded as a hard copy so as to be legitimately enforceable (Baxt, Fletcher and Fridman, 2008). Then again, it is hard to implement oral agreements. The explanation is that if there should arise an occurrence of oral agreements, there is no genuine record present in regards to the offer, thought and the acknowledgment of the gatherings. Still it is critical to know about the sorts of agreements that should be made recorded as a hard copy for being legitimately enforceable. For the most part the agreements that should be made recorded as a hard copy to be lawfully enforceable are the agreements that are connected when certain obligations, genuine property, with respect to cash over a specific sum. Then again, when it isn't required by the law that each great agreemen t ought to compose, different components that are essential to make a legitimately enforceable agreement ought to be available regardless (Harris, Hargovan and Adams, 2013). Along these lines, the primary concern in such manner is that while by and large the gatherings went into exchange in accordance with some basic honesty, an all around drafted contract made recorded as a hard copy gives the best security that might be accessible to the gatherings in the event of a question. Preferably, it is prudent that a lawyer ought to be reached before drawing or going into an agreement. In any case, the littler the aggregate associated with the agreement and the less difficult the agreement, there is less need of composed agreement. Along these lines, unmistakably it isn't fundamental that an agreement ought to have been made recorded as a hard copy so as to be lawfully enforceable. Anyway there are particular kinds of substance that are required by the law to be made recorded as a hard cop y to be upheld by the courts. Be that as it may, it is a smart thought to expressly state the understanding in light of the fact that in such a case it gets simpler to set up the details of the agreement (Sweeney, OReilly and Coleman, 2013). Then again, if there should be an occurrence of an oral agreement, troubles may emerge in building up the conditions of the agreement A proper agreement can be portrayed as an agreement in which the gatherings have fixed the record under seal. Then again, if there should be an occurrence of a casual agreement, it isn't marked under seal. In this unique situation, a seal can be portrayed as any feeling that hosts been made by the gatherings to the agreement on the record. Generally, this was done in wax, referencing the expectation of the gatherings that they will be limited by the agreement. Just the gatherings to the fixed records are viewed as the people who have the rights under such agreement. Along these lines, just the people who were the gathering to the agreement can be considered as obligated under it (Miller, and Cross, 2012). Then again, about the entirety of the agreements that are made today are casual agreements. Anyway the authenticity of the agreement isn't reliant on the reality if the agreement is formal or casual. In the two cases, the agreement is considered as authoritative, gave that different components that are fundamental for making a lawfully enforceable agreement are available. For the most part, a proper agreement is made by a more prominent power like an enterprise or the legislature. The conventions of such agreement necessitated that the report ought to be marked under seal. The two instances of a conventional agreement incorporate:- Debatable instrument Letter of credit For this situation, a gathering of companions contribute $2 each to buy a lottery ticket and one individual from the gathering really buy is the ticket. At the point when the triumphant ticket isn't right for the gathering, it is guaranteed by the buyer of the ticket that the course of action was the main social and he isn't required to share the prize cash. In such cases, the law contract necessitates that one of the components that are required to make an agreement legitimately restricting is the goal of the gatherings. Thus in such cases it is necessitated that it ought to be the aim of the gatherings that the commitments forced by the agreement ought to be enforceable by the law (Lens v Devonshire Club, 1914). The way in to the translation of the agreement is to offer impact to the goal of the gatherings as referenced in the understanding between the gatherings. For this reason, for the most part the expectation of the gatherings must be found out unbiasedly (Balfour v Balfour, 1 919). For this reason, the court is required to consider the words utilized by the gatherings in the understanding; the activities of the gatherings as per the understanding and the conditions related with the understanding. In the wake of thinking about the real factors, in the event that it tends to be closed by any sensible individual, that it was the expectation of the gatherings to make legitimately restricting agreement, such an agreement with the upheld by the court. Another huge job in such manner is the plain importance rule. As per this standard, when an unmistakable and unequivocal agreement is available, the agreement will be authorized by the court. As indicated by the plain terms of the agreement that have been referenced on the base of the record and the court isn't required to think about outward proof or to decipher the language utilized in the agreement. An entrepreneur may enlist two the individuals, Agents and self employed entities. In spite of the fact that he has all the earmarks of being a straightforward matter of appointment however from a legitimate viewpoint, there are a few different ramifications present. The representatives who are employed to work under the order of their own that fall under the uprightness of specialists. Then again, recruited help for finishing transitory or repeating errands fall under the classification of self employed entities. So as to separate between the two, the court will consider the degree of control that the business has over the individual recruited. On the off chance that the businessperson had redistributed to some work to an individual or another organization having some expertise in that profession, most presumably, the individual will be treated as a self employed entity, especially if such individual has incredible caution in finishing the work. Then again, if an individual is emplo yed on a common premise and if that individual has less tact to finish the work, most likely the individual with will be considered as a specialist. Thusly, the distinction between a specialist and a self employed entity can be depicted as follows:- An operator is required to act as per the oversight of control of the head. An operator needs to adhere to the directions given by the head. The demonstrations of operators are authoritative for the head Self employed entity A self employed entity is required by the law to follow the conditions of the agreement. A self employed entity utilizes his own gear, work, machines and material. The self employed entity doesn't have the ability to tie the business References Baxt, R, Fletcher, K Fridman, S 2008, Corporations and affiliations: cases and materials, tenth edn, LexisNexis, Butterworths, Sydney, New South Wales Harris, J, Hargovan, An Adams, M, 2013, Australian corporate law, 4thedn, LexisNexis Butterworths, Chatswood, New South Wales Mill operator, and Cross. Part 11: Contract Law. Business Law: Text and Cases. By Clarkson. twelfth ed. Bricklayer: Cengage Learning, 2012. 210 Sweeney, B, OReilly, J Coleman, A, 2013, Law in Commerce, 6thedn.2015, Australian Corporations Legislation, LexisNexis Butterworths Case Law Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571 Crown Lands Comrs v Page [1960] 2 QB 274 Focal point v Devonshire Club (1914) The Times December 4 Re McArdle (1951) Ch 669

2012 Early Action Thoughts - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

2012 Early Action Thoughts - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2012 Early Action Thoughts Mid-September is the time of year when the questions really start coming in concerning Early Action, so here is a quick post covering some of the highlights. Required materials for Early Action applicants Deadline October 15 Submit the online First-Year application after selecting Early Action (which makes the Part II essay section collapse, as the essays are not required for EA) Submit the $60 application fee or have an official fee waiver sent to our office Have your HS counselor submit a UGA School Evaluation form Submit an official HS transcript (either electronically or by paper, but no faxes) Have an official SAT or ACT (with Writing) score sent to UGA (we will only be able to use SAT/ACT scores for Early Action for tests taken by the October 15 Early Action deadline) Early Action vs. Regular Decision Every year, students and parents call our office and ask if they should apply Early Action (EA) or Regular Decision (RD). For the most part, we say that this has to be the students call, as only the student knows if they feel comfortable with UGA reviewing their application based on their academic standing as of October 15. I have written a separate article about EA vs RD with a little more direction, and this should help you in the EA decision process, but it is still up to the applicant as to whether to apply EA or RD. Preparation Make sure that you have a copy of your high school transcript when you are working on your application, as you will need to refer to it when completing the self-reported grades section. As well, please do not mark that you cannot self-report your grades just because you have not taken the time to get a transcript. The self-reported grades make the admission timeline go quicker for both you and UGA, and it also helps you understand what your academic record looks like to UGA. Make sure that you enter in correct information, but especially review the data on the Honor Code page, where we list 10 or so key data fields that you have completed (name, birthdate, etc.), as well as your SSN. Make sure these items are correct before you hit submit. We ask for information on clubs, activities, leadership, athletics and honors. Please do not ignore these fields, as even though for the most part UGA does not use them for an EA decision, we will use them for scholarship review and in our file reading process if you are deferred. For your peace of mind (and mine and your parents!), do not wait until just before the deadline to submit your application. What if you are Deferred? First, a deferred decision is not a bad result of applying Early Action. All that it means is that UGA wants more time and information on you, as well as a large number of other applicants, so that we can review your file in detail during our reading period that goes from January through mid-March. My suggestion is that if you cannot handle a deferred decision, you should not apply Early Action. Every year, between 800-1000 deferred students do not complete part II of the application (essays and teacher recommendation) because they are either too unhappy with UGA or too despondent over the deferral to move forward with completing part II. An Early Action applicant needs to go in with a positive attitude, but also with the understanding that they might be deferred. Again, a Deferral decision is not a Denial, is not a Wait-List, but is just the UGA Admissions office saying that we need more time to look at your file, and we want to give your application a more detailed review of everyt hing in your file.

Abortion Is A Controversial Issue - 2182 Words

Abortion is a controversial subject for many Canadians despite the fact that it’s a procedure that has been effectively decriminalized in the country since 1969. There are approximately 100,000 abortions performed every year though that number has continued to dwindle every year for the past two decades. The research this proposal is looking to conduct is on the lack of abortion clinics available in the rural areas of Canada in particular as well as the constant risk of defunding of existing clinics throughout the country. In this proposal, we will not only set out to establish the history of abortion here in Canada but seek to provide enough reason in order to seek funding to pursue the collecting of data from medical institutions in all ten provinces. This paper will serve to set the argument of why abortion has been a controversial subject as well to make the argument that it is a right for every Canadian woman to have ready access to an abortion clinic – irrelevant of where she was born in the country. Is it Possible for a Woman to Have a Safe Abortion in Canada? : Proposal to Set Up Safe Abortion Clinics in Canada When discussing women and health, one can’t talk about the subject without eventually approaching the inevitable topic of women’s right to have an abortion. The right for a woman to have a safe abortion is a controversial topic for many who view abortion as a killing of a child. Meanwhile others, citing the science, argue that it is a woman’s choice to chooseShow MoreRelatedThe Controversial Issue Of Abortion878 Words   |  4 Pagesrecent discussions of abortion, the controversial issue has become whether or not women should be given the right to take their unborn child’s life away. Many believe in all having the right to live while others believe in the right to be given a choice. Women do not want to be given restrictions, they want to be able to have a voice when making decisions. With abortion women have a hard time making their decision based upon the judgement others make if the decision of abortion is followed throughRead MoreAbortion : A Controve rsial Issue1256 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion is a very controversial issue. To first start out abortion is the deliberate termination of a woman’s pregnancy, most often performed within the first 22 weeks of pregnancy. People can either be pro-choice or pro-life for abortion. Being pro-choice means that people believe that it is a woman’s choice to get an abortion if they want one. Pro-life means people believe no matter what if a woman is pregnant they should have the baby; no abortion. I intent to explain why women who get pregnantRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue Of Abortion Essay2668 Words   |  11 PagesAbortion is terminating a pregnancy before the fetus has been born. Abortion has been and still is very controversial and has had an increasing amount of cases all over the world. In 2000 there were over one million abortions in the United States (Harper, et al., 501). Abortion is one of the most common procedures women undergo. According to the current abortion rates about thirty percent of women will have an abortion by the age of forty-five (Jones and Kavanaugh, 2011). Most abortions are attributedRead MoreThe Controversial Issue Of Abortion1555 Words   |  7 Pagestopic of abortion in the United States has been and remains one of the most controversial issues in western culture and politics. An abortion can be defined as the expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it can survive on its own. This comprises two major forms of abortion: spontaneous, which is often referred to as a miscarriage or induced abortion, which is the deliberate termination of a pregnancy. The term is commonly used to refer to the induced abortion, and this is the abortion, which hasRead MoreThe Controversial Issue Of Abortion865 Words   |  4 Pages Today, people have the right to voice their thoughts regarding a topic, rather they’re different or alike, creating a new philosophy about it, or supporting the traditional belief. In regards to the topic, Abortion has been a subject of controversial matters. Some believing they have the right to do such an act while others would absolutely disagree. Before supporting such an act or not, we typically take into consideration the goods and bads of the action first. While taking a life might be oneRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue911 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion is a controversial issue in many countries all the time and there are always two sides of abortion. Pro-life supporters believe that abortion is immoral, so they argue that it should be illegal because an unborn baby is life. However, they do not figure out that woman who is on the inevitable situation such as infection, rape, or extreme poverty would still have the abortion even though the abortion is illegal. Many women die due to unsafe abortion, which is illegal and performed by uneducatedRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue843 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion Abortion has been a very controversial issue in the United States for the past several decades. Many people think that is it morally wrong. To say that something is morally wrong is an opinion. Since everyone’s opinions are different on this topic there have been many court cases and protests against abortion. However there are a lot of people out there that believe that abortion is a rightful decision. My personal opinion on the abortion controversy is that every woman should have theRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue989 Words   |  4 Pagesaverage total of abortions performed annually in America (operationrescue.org). Abortion is a very controversial issue in the United States and all across the globe. First, I will discuss the different types of abortion. Next, I will explain when the abortions are performed. Then, I will share some of the laws regarding abortion in the United States. Finally, I will express my views on abortion. Abortion should be illegal in all states. First, I will discuss the various types of abortion. There are threeRead MoreAbortion: a Controversial Issue1159 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion: A Controversial Issue One of the major controversial issues confronting the society today is abortion. I choose abortion as the topic of discussion since it contradicts my values and beliefs. Abortion is the extraction of the human fetus from the mothers womb with an intention to end the life of that fetus prior to its natural birth. The controversy surrounding abortion is whether it should be legalized or not? In my opinion, abortion is morally and ethically wrong because it leadsRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue882 Words   |  4 Pagesconsider abortion as a rightful act, and abortion is a name of destroying human life. Now a days our society faces several types of issues Abortion is one of the complicated issue for both ways health and society that’s why abortion become a very controversial issue that’s become debatable in politics. In addition, these researches will describe the different issues of abortion, such as, legal laws on abortion, restriction of abortions, rate of ab ortion and consequences of the abortion. Abortion is

The Queen Of England During The Tudor Dynasty - 942 Words

Queen Elizabeth I, wrote one of the most famous and inspiring speeches of all times. Elizabeth I was the queen of England during the Tudor Dynasty. Tudor period was a time of England s introduction to Renaissance culture. Humanism became the most important force in Tudor literary and life. Elizabeth I was not only the most feared queen at the time, she was also a writer. She wrote â€Å"Speech to the Troops at Tillbury† (1588), which was written for the British troops stationed at Tilbury in 1588 as they waited for the Spanish to invade. Literary during the Tudor period had an overly ornate meaning with hidden messages. Speech to the Troops at Tillbury, was definitely an ornate speech, an example was the famous quote, â€Å"I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too† (1588) Elizabeth I, knew in reality she could not lead her troops into battle but she wished she could. The people of Eng land had great respect for her and she had respect for the people. Therefore making Queen Elizabeth I and her speech one of the most successful Tudor speeches in history. Humanism had a massive impact to Tudor literary. Humanists searched for wisdom achieved by ancient Greece and Rome. Aristotle s who was a well-known Greek philosopher, introduced humanism. He believed in mortal which was the soul and immortal, which was the body. Elizabeth I most famous speech was given to her troops gathered at Tilbury, to fight theShow MoreRelatedThe Tudors Effect On The English Church Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesPersuasion Essay: The Tudors Effect on the English Church â€Å"Nothing would be the same for any woman in this country again. From this time onward no wife, however obedient, however loving, would be safe. For everyone would know that if a wife such as Queen Katherine of England could be put aside for no reason, then any wife could be put aside.† (Gregory, 2002, 276) The Tudor dynasty was a well-known royal family during England in the 1500’s. The best known, and discussed ruler during this time was KingRead More Overview of the Monarchs of the Tudor Dynasty Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pagescome. The many King and Queens of England are divided into different eras by families. One of the families was the Tudor family, which is a well-known English monarchy. The Tudors were a family that ruled England from 1485 to 1603 whom ranged from Henry VII to Elizabeth I these rulers were well known because of different attributes they gave England. I will be providing information about all six rulers that reigned England in this distinctive dynasty. Each King or Queen will have information aboutRead More Glorifying the Tudor Dynasty: Shakespeares Richard III and the Perfect Villain 998 Words   |  4 PagesArts in England flourished and prospered during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Furthermore, â€Å"The Golden Age† was characterized by the Queen’s patronizing of theatre, which lead it to gain popularity among England. The sixteenth and early seventeenth century witnessed a period of English nationalism, evidently shown through diffused texts in the English language, rather than in Latin. Additionally, the Queen supported playwrights such as William Shakespeare, which lead to depictions of ElizabethanRead MoreThe Tudors Effect On History Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pages Argument Persuasion Essay: The Tudors Effect on History â€Å"Nothing would be the same for any woman in this country again†¦. For everyone would know that if a wife such as Queen Katherine of England could be put aside for no reason, then any wife could be put aside.† (Gregory, 2002, 276) The Tudor dynasty was a well-known royal family during England in the 1500’s. The best known, and discussed ruler during this time was King Henry the VIII. He is known for his many wives, specifically six, and alsoRead MoreKing Henry Viii : The King Of The Throne1682 Words   |  7 Pagesand stripping the pope of all of his powers in England. He also broke a Christian tradition by having six different wives (In Christianity, you are not allowed not allowed to divorce or have several spouses). King Henry VIII s life and rule completely redefined English history and legacy, and he certainly will be remembered forever as one of the most important leaders of his time. Henry VIII was born on June 28, 1491 in Greenwich, London, England. The rules of a monarchy state that the King sRead MoreEssay about Queen Elizabeth I: The Most Glorious Ruler of England 1074 Words   |  5 PagesEngland’s greatest monarchs, and brought England out of destitution, and into one of its most glorious periods, the Elizabethan Age. Though, she suffered greatly before crowning; throughout her rule as Queen, England was reformed and fortified to be one of the most powerful countries in the known world. Elizabeth was born in the Greenwich Palace on September 7, 1533 to Anne Boleyn and King Henry VIII of England. (Stated on page 1 of Crompton, Samuel Willard. Queen Elizabeth and Englands Golden AgeRead MoreKings and Queens: The Tudors Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesThe Tudors consisted of five kings and queens as well as Lady Jane Grey. The family line began when King Henry V passed away and his wife later on remarried a man named Owen Tudor. The Tudors were known as the most powerful, feared, and inspirational line of people to have lived during their time Owen Tudor, worked for the king within his courts as a Welsh owner, during the time of Owen’s marriage, Owen and the queen ended up having a son named Edward and it was said that he was to be the next inRead MoreEssay on Queen Elizabeth841 Words   |  4 PagesThe last queen of the Tudor dynasty, Queen Elizabeth I proved to be on of the most celebrated, and controversial leaders in English history. Raised in a neglectful home, and shadowed by her mothers reputation, Elizabeth did not have the royal treatment that her siblings received. From her birth, she was a disappointment, as a child she was intelligent, yet unnoticed, and the road to her 1558-1603 reign was troubled. Elizabeth was born on September 7, 1533. To the disappointment of King HenryRead MoreThe Elizabethan Er The Golden Age Of English History1527 Words   |  7 Pagestriumph over England’s hated Spanish enemies ( Elizabethan Era.). Queen Elizabeth I was queen from 1558 until her death in 1603, marking the Elizabethan Era.   Her father was King Henry VIII, who ruled from 1509 until his death in 1547, and was succeeded by Elizabeth s siblings Edward and Mary. Her father’s reign was shaped by his separation from the Catholic Church, which sparked years of religious controversy in England. Queen Elizabeth s mother was Protestant, but Elizabeth’s predecessor andRead MoreQueen Mary Of A Bloody Mary Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesAccelerated 11 March 2016 Queen Bloody Mary Did you know that the legend of Bloody Mary is real and originated with Queen Mary I of England, the source of over 300 deaths? Over 400 years ago, Queen Mary Tudor ruled in England from 1553, until her death in 1558. Mary was a Catholic and so were her parents, but when her Mother and father got divorced, her father switched to a Protestant faith. When she became Queen she quickly reformed her Father religious laws so she could return England back to its Catholic

Roe V Wade and Doe V Bolton Free Essays

Justin Frazer Dr. Bryce Jones BSAD 234 4/10/13 Abortion is a hot debate topic. So naturally, it has generated many disputes and court cases. We will write a custom essay sample on Roe V Wade and Doe V Bolton or any similar topic only for you Order Now Two of the most famous and definitive court cases regarding abortion are Roe v Wade and Doe v Bolton. Both of these cases were ruled on at the same time. Both cases resulted in landmark decisions that would change how many states were allowed to regulate abortion. These rulings also help put into view the line between law and morals. Roe v Wade Jane Roe† was actually a pseudonym for the plaintiff, Norma McCorvey. She used this for protection and also to emphasize that she was fighting for all pregnant women. The defendant was Henry Wade, district attorney for Dallas County, Texas. McCorvey’s claim was that the Texas abortion law, passed in 1859, violated her constitutional rights. Backstory: Norma McCorvey, age 21, became pregnant in 1969. She did not want to continue with her pregnancy, as her marriage had failed and her first daughter was in the care of her mother and stepfather. As previously stated, Texas passed a law in 1869 preventing all abortion, excluding cases in which the woman’s life was in danger. She met Sarah Weddington and Linda Coffee, two attorneys who were interested in changing the abortion law. There were two issues standing in the way: McCorvey might not have standing because the abortion law only applied to women who performed abortions, not to those who needed them. The second issue was if she passed the point in her pregnancy where it was safe to perform an abortion, the case would become irrelevant. Their argument: in a previous case, Griswold v Connecticut, Justice William O. Douglas interpreted the Ninth Amendment to mean that any rights not explicitly granted to the government were retained by the people; previously it had been taken to mean that those rights were retained by the states. At the time of this case, this meant that all previously banned contraceptives between couples were now legal. Weddington and Coffee could argue that this â€Å"right to privacy,† as Douglas defined, should also be applied to abortion. The first reply from Assistant D. A. John Tolle, defending D. A. Wade, claimed exactly what they had expected: â€Å"Jane Roe† had no standing since the law only affected women who performed abortions. An anonymous affidavit from McCorvey submitted to a three-judge panel on May 22, 1970, stated that she wanted to terminate her pregnancy due to â€Å"the economic hardship which pregnancy entailed and because of the social stigma attached to the bearing of illegitimate children. At the hearing, Weddington argued on Roe’s standing to sue, as well as the constitutionality of the abortion statute (on the grounds of the First, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendments). After the defense argued for the unborn fetus as a child, a life, Weddington brought up the issue of the impossibility to define when â€Å"life† begins (which is still one of the main arguments between pro-life and pro-choice advocates). Finally, Tolle argued that right of a child was more important than the w oman’s previously stated â€Å"right to privacy. However, the three judges found that the Texas abortion laws were unconstitutional by depriving rights dictated by the Ninth Amendment. Since this only declared the law unconstitutional and did not prevent the enforcing of the law, the plaintiffs then appealed to the Supreme Court. In October 1972, the plaintiffs and the defendants made their cases as they had before. Several things played into the Court’s following decision: the ruling of Eisenstadt v Baird, which made it legal for unmarried persons to use birth control. This solidified Weddington’s argument for the right to privacy in the Ninth Amendment; that individuals have the right to be free from government intervention in matters such as whether or not to have a child. Second, Justice Harry Blackmun, after reviewing the abortion statutes, ruled that they were no longer valid because they were put in place due to the dangers of abortion; this was no longer an issue, as abortion was just as safe as childbirth in the present time. Concerning the rights of the unborn as a child, Blackmun found that nowhere in the Constitution or Bill of Rights (specifically, the Fourteenth Amendment) a â€Å"person† includes the unborn. The final ruling: the abortion decision must be left to the judgment of the woman’s doctor in the first trimester. In the second trimester, the state may â€Å"regulate the abortion procedure in ways that are reasonably valid to maternal health. † After that, the state can regulate or stop the abortion. Summary Norma McCorvey wanted an abortion, but could not obtain would since it was illegal in her state, Texas. Most states at the time had abortion statutes in place proscribing abortion. She, under the alias â€Å"Jane Roe,† and the two attorneys representing her, Sarah Weddington and Linda Coffee, filed a suit against the county of Dallas on the grounds that the abortion laws violated a woman’s right to choose under the â€Å"right to privacy,† interpreted in the Ninth Amendment in the previous case Connecticut v Griswold. The district court ruled in favor of â€Å"Roe,† basing judgment upon the Ninth Amendment. This ruling did not prevent the enforcement of the abortion laws; rather, it merely stated that they were unconstitutional. McCorvey and her attorneys, now not only representing â€Å"Jane Roe† as a person, but as all women, appealed directly to the Supreme Court. On the opposing side, there was the fact that the state believed they had the responsibility to protect the life of the unborn child. The argument against that was this: â€Å"when does life really start? † It could be said that life doesn’t begin until after the child is born; not when it is still a fetus. This really sparked this debate that still goes on today. Justice Harry Blackmun found that, after reviewing the Constitution and Bill of Rights, the Founding Fathers never explicitly put the unborn with the â€Å"persons† protected under our nation’s documents. However, he said that this was not absolute. He said that, though he agreed that the Ninth Amendment encompassed a woman’s right to choose whether or not to terminate her pregnancy, the right to choose was also not absolute. So, they came to a compromise: during the first trimester of a pregnancy, abortion was legal, but at the judgment of the woman’s doctor (which has changed since then). During the second trimester, the state could regulate abortions in a way that is related to maternal health. During the third trimester, the state could proscribe abortions. The general rule was that if the fetus is able to live outside the womb (with artificial aid), which was typically at about 28 weeks, then the woman no longer has a right to an abortion. This entire case and the decisions that were made is a landmark in our history. It has sparked much debate and divided many people into â€Å"pro-life† and â€Å"pro-choice† groups. Doe v Bolton A companion case to Roe v Wade, Doe v Bolton was an abortion case that happened in Georgia around the same time (decision on the same day) that its Texas counterpart did. Much like other states with abortion laws, Georgia only allowed abortion if: the pregnancy was a danger to the woman’s life by judgment of a licensed physician, the fetus was in danger of being born with a serious defect, or if the abortion was a product of rape ( § 26-1202(a)). The woman wanting an abortion also had to qualify for the following conditions, defined under  § 26-1202(b) of Georgia Criminal Code: â€Å"the abortion [is to] be performed in a hospital accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals, the procedure be approved by the hospital staff abortion committee, and the performing physician’s judgment be confirmed by independent examinations of the patient by two other licensed physicians. † Sandra Cano, a mother of three, did not meet any of these conditions. Under the pseudonym â€Å"Mary Doe,† she and her attorney, Margie Pitts Hames, sued Arthur K. Bolton, the Attorney General for Georgia. Their claim was that the abortion statute of Georgia was unconstitutional. Like â€Å"Roe,† the three-judge panel of the district court found that Doe did, in fact, have standing in this issue. They ruled that the first three conditions ( § 26-1202(a)) listed above were unconstitutional, but they upheld the medical approval and residency requirements. In addition, like Roe v Wade, they merely provided that the section of the law was unconstitutional; they did not give any injunction against enforcing the law. This is called declaratory relief. The plaintiffs then appealed directly to the Supreme Court, like Roe and her attorneys. The arguments and counter-arguments were all the same as in Roe v Wade. The Court found that the three conditions in section 26-1202(b) were unconstitutional. They found that the JCAH accreditation requirement did not pertain to the woman’s right, and did not reasonably relate to the abortion statute. The two conditions requiring the abortion to be approved by a committee and by two other physicians were found to not serve the woman’s health in any way. The committee condition violated the woman’s â€Å"right to receive medical care† from her physician, and the two-doctor condition violated the physician’s â€Å"right to practice. † These conditions were struck down. Justice Blackmun, mentioned in the previous case, said that Roe v Wade and Doe v Bolton must be read together. The former allowed the states to proscribe abortion in the third trimester. However, Doe v Bolton added that the abortion could still be allowed if it was a matter of the woman’s health, in the opinion of the woman’s doctor. This is essentially a loophole around the â€Å"viability† requirement of the ruling of Roe v Wade. Doe v Bolton and Roe v Wade together struck down state abortion laws and struck up heated debates. These were the first real challenges regarding abortion in the United States. Both declared abortion a constitutional right. Summary Sandra Cano (â€Å"Mary Doe†) and attorney Margie Pitts Hames sued the state of Georgia for its unconstitutional abortion statute. The district court found they had standing, but like Roe v Wade, they gave them only declaratory, not injunctive, relief. The plaintiffs appealed to the Supreme Court for broader relief. Georgia’s Criminal Code, section 26-1202(b), stated that in addition to the requirements to receive an abortion that a woman must be in danger from the pregnancy, the child must be in danger of severe defect from birth, or the pregnancy being a result of rape, any woman wanting an abortion had to receive one in a hospital accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals, she had to receive permission of two physicians other than her own, and the decision must also be approved by a hospital committee. The Court struck all of these requirements as unconstitutional. Additionally, the Court ruled that a woman may obtain an abortion after â€Å"viability† (as defined in Roe v Wade) if it was necessary to preserve her health. Along with its companion case, Roe v Wade, the decision was made on January 22, 1973, that abortion was a constitutional right. How to cite Roe V Wade and Doe V Bolton, Papers

Designing and Managing Industrial Product Service

Question: Discuss about the Designing and Managing Industrial Product Service . Answer: Introduction: Founded in the year of 1997 on August 29, one of the most popular and recognized multinational organizations entertainment organizations of America, Netflix emerged to be retail giant in the entertainment industry of the global market (Bruce 2014). Although the organization had a very humble beginning, with a handful number of workers, the streaming business largely expanded with the expansion of the market. By the year of 2013, the organization added film as well as television production that helped the organization benefit from the subscription of 93 million people worldwide (Jenner 2016). However, it should be noted that despite being an average start-up, Netflix managed to reach the pinnacle and one of the key drivers behind the growth of the organization is its effective strategies. Accordingly, the following task intends to analyze and evaluate the strategies undertaken by Netflix that has ultimately helped the company witness a massive jump in its stock price in the market. A Brief History of Netflix: Netflix was founded by Marc Randolp and Reed Hastings in California in the year of 1997 (Bruce 2014). Although the organization initially was meant to offer products or service via internet, keeping in mind the love of the Americans for TV content and movies, the plan was revised, and the organization started offering TV content to the audience in lieu of subscription fees. In the year of 1998, Netflix was a very ordinary organization which had merely 30 employees working under it, and the organization had at most 925 works available (Vickers et al. 2016). However, while during its inception, the market of the organization primarily consisted of the business of sending DVD by mail, by the year of 2007, the organization expanded its market further by introducing the business of streamline video. Further, by the year of 2013, Netflix managed to mark its international presence worldwide, providing a far more diverse service to the consumers including film, television production and onli ne production (McCord 2014). Each organization has been disrupting old, traditional ideas of conducting business, and evolving its service in a considerable way, that is ultimately helping the organization enjoy a growth in revenue. Netflix is also no exception here. The organization has rightly observed the irrelevance of the physical DVDs in the contemporary market, and hence the organization rightly applied the most advanced technology for replacing the physical DVDs by the streaming videos (Uribe and Hunt 2016). It is only the Netflix organization that has helped the consumers of television series and movies gain a convenience experience instead of the immersive experience. While the introduction of the online video service in 2007 has helped the company gain from technological disruption, the organization has managed to enjoy its competitive edge, by asking its video algorithm team to develop a number of quality levels or recipes meant for improving the consumer experience. The organization has not only succeeded in offering excellent quality picture and audio to the consumers, but also offers convenient experience to the consumers, who can stream their videos of Netflix directly to the television sets, via Chromecast for their own comforts (Madrigal 2014). Netflix offers the opportunity to its consumers to watch TV shows as well as movies, otherwise unavailable on a free social media platform. The target market of the organization primarily consists of viewers waiting to explore the innovative content of new television series and movies (Gustin 2014). The business of online streaming has helped Netflix offer the newest television shows and the most recently released movies in lieu of a set monthly fee. Initially, though the organization initially got the license of streaming newly released movies by forming partnership with the concerned studios, it realized soon that it could not convince the high class studios to lend their most popular television content to Netflix. Hence, the organization introduced a more innovative plan of producing its own movies and television series, so that it can attract consumer attention by its exclusively available production (Adhikari et al. 2015). Pricing Strategies: As far as the pricing strategy of the organization is concerned, it should be noted that Netflix operates in a highly competitive market and hence the pricing strategy chosen by the organization is largely determined by the nature of competition, the organization encounters. Since, recently Netflix has been encountering tough competition from organizations such as Sling TV and Hulu. Now, while price against which the online television service offered by Hulu is $35 per month, the subscription fee of Sling TV is priced at $ 15 per month (Helo et al. 2017). Keeping into consideration the moderate to premium pricing strategy of its arch rivals, the price strategy of Netflix is being deliberately kept low at $ 10 per month (Helo et al. 2017). In a conference, the management authority of Netflix has admitted that it has deliberately kept its service underpriced so as to ensure that the consumers have been anchored on Netflix and the company can enjoy competitive edge over others. As the d iagram below explains and illustrates, the service offered by Netflix is comparatively much cheaper in respect of the other rival giants of the market: Besides, the organization tries to ensure uniformity in the price rate among all the 60 countries it is currently operating in (Lyons 2016). It is worthwhile to mention here that back in the year of 2011, the consumers of Netflix witnessed a 60% hike in the subscription fees to be paid, and consequently the organization itself witnessed a shocking 75% drop in the total stock prices (Wu 2015). Soon the organization realized that the hike in the price proved to be nothing short of a financial loss for Netflix with a loss of 800,000 subscribers (Choudhary and Zhang 2015). Hence, the organization modified its existent pricing strategy and adopted the lower price point strategy. Besides, it should also be noted that the organization, in order to retain its top position has recently started offering a variety of new pricing options for the new consumers, and accordingly the consumers can choose their service in lieu of subscription fees ranging from $ 7.99 to $ 11.9 each month. The organiz ation offers new schemes of pricing plans- Basic Plan, Standard Plan and Premium Plan (Wu 2015). Netflixs Innovations: Despite having established in the year of 1997, Netflix has managed to soar pretty fast in terms of its profitability. More importantly, with a market value of approximately $11 billion, the organization is indeed illustrating a design principle that most of the organizations aspiring to achieve innovative disruption wish to adopt. Hastings, one of the founders of Netflix, during the early days of Netflix was well-aware that mailing DVDs would never let the organization earn substantial amount of revenue in the future. Hence, overlooking the immediate profit of the organization, he deemed it profitable to invest $10 million for researching into the area of streaming videos (Nan et al. 2016). It should be observed that Netflix as an organization not only adopted technical innovation, but also adopted effective innovation in the entire process of formulating the strategies. While the organization continued with its DVD mailing services till 2010, the organization kept on creating its o wn library of online media content to be offered to the viewers at lower price in the year of 2010 (Nan et al. 2016). Consumer resistance could have easily spoiled the entire strategy, had Netflix not offered an increasing size of Netflix library at a considerable low price. Hence, it is a self-evident fact that Netflix is indeed a remarkable example of disruptive innovation. Hastings, the Co-founder of Netflix managed to think beyond the immediate concern of the organization, Just like most of the start-up organizations, he could have remained content with the average profitability of its existent organization, instead he chose to re-invent to disrupt and replace the existent technology. It replaced the old and commonplace business model of DVD by mail, and instead it produced a model that intends to offer greater availability, affordability and accessibility to its consumers, especially to the underserved consumers of Blockbuster. Netflix proved that adapting is better, and with the introduction of the new business model of video streaming, the organization could much easily enjoy greater competitive advantage. However, it should be noted that while discussing and evaluating the business innovation of Netflix, much attention is also to be paid to the organizations recent innovative strategy. Presently, the organization has been focusing to create its ow n shows that can be broadcast exclusively on Netflix, and while so far they have been paying the cable networks, the new plan is letting Netflix charge price from the cable networks. This strategy is another remarkable instance of creative innovation, which will definitely help the organization stay at the very top of the market share. The realm of television is at once changing before the eyes of the viewers, as Netflix is offering innovation in each field, starting with the idea of video streaming, gaining access to videos on demand, to the lack of commercial intervention while viewing a favorite television show or movie. Will Netflix Remain the Dominating Power of Online Video Streaming? First of all, the major strategy that had helped in the growth and unquestionable success of Netflix is the innovative thought that the current business model of the organization is based on. The business model of video streaming was indeed nothing short of disruption that helped the consumers keep a series of online videos for as long as they wanted, in lieu of an affordable subscription rate (Bushnell et al. 2015). The innovative thought was indeed highly disruptive, and it helped to generate huge profit as the business model of video streaming offered a more convenient and a far more accessible way of watching television series and movies. Apart from the innovation strategy, the partnership strategy has also equally contributed to the organizational success of the company. The strategic partnership of Netflix with Apple is an example of the same. Netflix, as part of its partnership strategy with Apple, has allowed the consumers of the Apple set top box to gain access to Netflix directly. Further, these consumers of Apple set top box could also pay for the video service of Netflix via their I-tune accounts (Landi and Roberts 2013). This partnership strategy of Netflix not only helped the organization enhance its brand value by forming alliance with a highly prestigious company, but it also helped the company experience remarkable profit growth for gaining access to the large consumer base. The recurring income strategy of Netflix has also largely contributed to the growth of profitability of the company. Netflix usually follows a low price strategy, and intends to win the race slow and steady. The organization has always been well-aware of the potential competitors in the industry, and thus did not charge an incredibly high price for its unique service at the start. As the organization has been offering greater innovation in terms of the content to its consumers, it is increasing its subscription fees at a slow pace. Of late, Netflix has charged an extra $1 for its service, and consequently its sudden increase in price has not led to the loss of any client. In a research, 73% of the consumers were being reported to say that considering the high quality service, the consumers do not mind paying a little extra each month. The low price strategy thus has also been a major contributing factor in the organizational success of the company. The consumers have been regarded as the most important asset of Netflix, and hence the organization has seriously invested in the field of consumer value strategy. The management authority of Netflix has ensured that the company gets across the consumers as something beyond just a name in the movie rental service providing organization. The organization has continually researching over what the consumer wants to see. Hence, Netflix has recently incorporated some of the most popular English shows, such as Orange is the New Black and House of Cards to ensure that the consumers are able to get 100% entertainment from their end (Jenner 2015). Last but not the least mention should be made of the promotional strategy of Netflix on the social media platforms. While most of the brands intend to play safe on social media, and put up a more formal approach while communicating their message with the consumers, Netflix employs a more informal and friendly method of interacting with the consumers. Instead of informing the viewers about the quality of their service or their popularity in the market of video streaming, Netflix interacts with the viewers by asking them if they have checked the latest episode of Ridiculous 6 or not. Besides, the organization also promotes its service by getting personal with each viewer, helping them feel a part of the Netflix family. A viewer with the app of Netflix, will get a special Recommended for You section, that provides a variety of television shows and films based on the personal interest of the particular consumer. How is Netflix Currently Performing? The strong international growth of Netflix, along with its innovative price strategy has led to the unprecedented success of Netflix. The US based streaming giant, Netflix has been found to be one of the best and most admirable organizations in the stock price market. In the first quarter of the year of 2015, the company has witnessed an increase in share by 60%, and by the end of the year Netflix has been one of the very few organizations that has indeed fared admirably well in the share market. With the continual growth in revenue, Netflix has also been launching its service in different, new foreign markets, including Japan, Portugal, Spain and Italy. According to a recent report by Netflix, the organization has succeeded in adding as many as 5.59 million new subscribers in the year of 2015 itself, that clearly explains the growth of the organization in the recent years (Jenner 2015). However, with the increase in popularity of the organization in the international market, Netflix is aiming to take over the entire world by the end of 2016, for entertaining the consumers of each nation. Reports number suggest that while in the year of 2014, the organization had its members streaming 29 billion hours, in the year of 2015, the total number of viewers were being found to stream 425 billion hours (Jenner 2015). Consequent upon this fact, the company managed to have 17 million net additions in the year of 2015, that has in turn helped the company feature the most popular films, such as The Ridiculous Six and Beast of No Nation (Halal 2015). Taking into consideration the price returns of the rival giants of Netflix, such as Time Warner and Amazon, it can be easily said that Netflix is far ahead of all its competitors. The shares of Netflix are found to head towards $ 600 million price mark and hence the present time is being considered to be the most favorable time for the company if it wants to carry out further acquisitions or issue its stock (Halal 2015). The future prospects of Netflix seem to be indeed very high, and hence it would be good to reflect over what the future of Netflix seems to be like. Till the present time, people have been considering the steaming service of Netflix to be a platform meant for enabling the viewers watches movies and a few selected original shows. However, Netflix presently is considering the option of incorporating the genre of reality shows as well. For example, Netflix is soon to include some of the most popular reality shows of all time, such as The Ultimate Beastmaster and The Biggest Loser. According to the chief content manager of Netflix, Ted Sarandos, the exploration of this reality TV genre is believed to capture the attention of larger number of viewers in the foreign markets. Any kind of unscripted television show helps in satisfying the curiosity of the foreign viewers about the art of living, food habits or nature of the people living abroad, and hence these shows are expected to lead to the increase of revenue. The organization is all set to roll out 600 hours of original content for the viewers. Considering the incredible growth that Netflix has been experiencing since the year of 2015, it can be easily said that the streaming video of Netflix in itself will emerge to be the ultimate future, with the streaming boxes such as Roku or Apple TV finally replacing the cable boxes very soon (Halal 2015). Besides, more importantly, it is also expected that considering the huge growth of annual revenue of Netflix, the company will form alliance with some of the biggest production houses of Hollywood. Consequently, some of the most awaited Hollywood movies will be first released via Netflix, and Netflix is likely to charge a early bird fee from its subscribers. However, it is to be noted that considering the huge competition, the organization is encountering from rival giants such as Amazon Prime, the company is likely to invest (approximately $ 6 billion) in the year of 2017 for ensuring better content for the viewers in the years to come (Halal 2015). Conclusion: To conclude, it should be noted that Netflix is an organization that has a great potential in the market, and will continue to remain the number 1 destination for online video streaming programs. The organization has not only checked the 60 million subscribers milestone, but has also succeeded to expand in 60 countries within a short span of time. The metamorphosis of Netflix is nothing short of being impressive, and presently the company is found to boast of highly compelling and original content on the entire planet. Reference List: Adhikari, V.K., Guo, Y., Hao, F., Hilt, V., Zhang, Z.L., Varvello, M. and Steiner, M., 2015. Measurement study of Netflix, Hulu, and a tale of three CDNs.IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON),23(6), pp.1984-1997. Baugher, D., Noh, S. and Ramos, C., 2016. The relationship of online Netflix user reviews to days to sale for new dvds on amazon.Academy of Marketing Studies Journal,20, p.149. Bruce, M., 2014. Netflix my life: a culture of non-ownership. Bushnell, N., Drucker, P.F., Abell, D.F. and Hammond, J.S., 2015. Business Planning and Market Strategy in a Nutshell. Choudhary, V. and Zhang, Z., 2015. Research NotePatching the Cloud: The Impact of SaaS on Patching Strategy and the Timing of Software Release.Information Systems Research,26(4), pp.845-858. Gomez-Uribe, C.A. and Hunt, N., 2016. The netflix recommender system: Algorithms, business value, and innovation.ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems (TMIS),6(4), p.13. Gustin, S., 2014. Netflix pays verizon in streaming deal, following comcast pact.Time Magazine, Apr,28. Halal, W.E., 2015. Business strategy for the technology revolution: competing at the edge of creative destruction.Journal of the Knowledge Economy,6(1), pp.31-47. Helo, P., Gunasekaran, A. and Rymaszewska, A., 2017. Pricing Decisions: From Ownership to Subscription. InDesigning and Managing Industrial Product-Service Systems(pp. 73-81). Springer International Publishing. Jenner, M., 2015. Binge-watching: Video-on-demand, quality TV and mainstreaming fandom.International Journal of Cultural Studies, p.1367877915606485. Jenner, M., 2016. Is this TVIV? On Netflix, TVIII and binge-watching.New media society,18(2), pp.257-273. Landi, J. and Roberts, S., 2013. Netflix: A Strategy to Succeed?. Lyons, D.A., 2016. Usage-Based Pricing, Zero-Rating, and the Future of Broadband Innovation.Free State Foundation Perspectives,11(1). Madrigal, A., 2014. How Netflix Reverse Engineered Hollywood.The Atlantic,2. McCord, P., 2014. How netflix reinvented HR.Harvard Business Review,92(1), pp.70-76. Nan, G., Wu, D., Li, M. and Tan, Y., 2016. Optimal Pricing of Information Goods under the Freemium Strategy in the Presence of Piracy and Network Effects. Vickers, A.J., Kent, M. and Scardino, P.T., 2016. Implementation of Dynamically Updated Prediction Models at the Point of Care at a Major Cancer Center: Making Nomograms More Like Netflix.Urology. Wu, Z., 2015. Choice of Business Model and Pricing Strategy with Ad-Sponsor and Subscription Fee.

Leadership Preferences in Japan an exploratory study

Introduction Japan is one of the most rapidly growing economies in the larger Asian continent. Many researchers have attempted to explore the various ways of life in this country including their institutional management, culture, and other diverse peculiar preferences. This report paper will offer a summary of the work conducted in finding out the most preferred leadership styles by Japanese followers in relation to the appropriateness of the Bass and Avolio’s full-range leadership model.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Leadership Preferences in Japan: an exploratory study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It will discuss the purpose of the research, the research methodology used, the findings, the problems encountered and their practical implications, and finally the impact of the Bass and Avolio’s and House’s leadership theories. Objective The case study sought to explore the most preferred leadership styles by the Japanese followers. The appropriateness of the entire Bass and Avolio’s model of leadership was also investigated. The research provides a review of the existing literature concerning the various leadership styles and theories, and culture that can be considered to influence the preference of a given way of leadership, especially by the Japanese followers. The case study provides the nine scales of leadership extracted from Bass and Avolio’s full-range leadership model which most western researchers over the last two decades have considered it to have a universal influence. On the contrary, this case study explores the suitability of this model to the led people of Japan. Methods In order to come up with reliable findings and conclusion, the study mostly used a qualitative approach in the collection of data. Templates and numerous contents were also analysed. The data was collected in two phases: Phase 1 involved the use of semi-structured int erviews while questionnaires were used during the second Phase. Three research questions were used: What are the perceptions of Japanese followers regarding contemporary culture? What are the perceptions of Japanese followers towards Bass and Avolio’s full-range leadership model? Are there aspects of leadership not covered by Bass and Avolio’s full-range leadership model, which can be defined as culture-specific conceptualisations of Japanese leadership? This study involved 12 Japanese interviewees (five females and seven males), with an average age of 32.5. The respondents were Japanese employees and they identified themselves as followers under the supervision of Japanese leaders, and were drawn from several industries in Japan. The subjects were asked three general questions at random. The first one sought to know the respondent’s recognition of Japanese leadership; the second enquired the kind of leader that the interviewee would like to work with, and las tly, the subject’s perception of Japanese culture. The data collected constituted Phase 1 and were analysed by template.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Phase 2 of the study involved the use of questionnaires and composed of 57 Japanese respondents (38 males and 19 females with an average age of 33.1) who were drawn from a cross-section of Japanese industries. The questions were a further breakdown of the first three used in Phase 1 into 15 of them. Unlike in phase 1, Phase 2 was analysed by the content of the questionnaires. The language used in both phases was Japanese but the authors translated it into English. Results The interview results (Phase 1): According to the study, most of the interviewees, when asked about the trend of the Japanese culture, their responses implied that the Japanese culture and the management systems have been changing as a result of int ernationalisation, the impact of the bubble economy, and the financial crisis experienced in Asia. Furthermore, they identified a significant change from male chauvinism to gender equality, as reflected in the ever increasing number of female employees in virtually all Japanese places of work. However, two male interviewees suggested that male chauvinism, in their perception, still existed. Two of them suggested that collectivism was still part and parcel of Japanese culture while two interviewees indicated that there had been a significant change from collectivism to individualism. Moreover, two interviewees thought seniority was still part of Japanese work culture. In the contrary, five suggested that meritocracy was on the rise. On the other hand, eleven interviewees provided their responses concerning the Bass and Avolio’s full-range leadership styles. Firstly, despite the fact that idealized influence attributed is one of the five transformational leadership styles which are expected to be the most effective as far as enhancing performance is concerned, only two interviewees approved its use. Nine of them indicated negative attitude towards this style of leadership.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Leadership Preferences in Japan: an exploratory study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Six interviewees were positive about the use of idealized influence behaviours style of leadership. The collective sense of mission and the keenness towards decision-making exhibited by such leaders was their core reason for liking the style. However, five of the interviewees expressed their dislike, emphasising that in business, what matters most is the â€Å"outcome.† Moreover, although it is one of the core transformational styles of leadership, the study had only five interviewees approving the use of inspirational motivation. Some of them suggested that any leader in Japan who talked op timistically about the future was no longer effective following the burst of Japan’s economy. Most of them explained that followers needed a leader who has a proper understanding of managing risk and contingency plans instead of a ‘hopeful’ leader. All the 11 interviewees approved a leader who exhibits the intellectual stimulation style. This was due to their belief that such a leader has the potential of solving the day to day problems and proposing strategies of handling future issues. Individualised consideration, on the other hand, was supported by seven interviewees. The interviewees who approved of such a style considered its effectiveness especially as companies increasingly focused on individual performance and competences. This follows the perceived growth of meritocracy in Japan. Those interviewees who were negative on this style of leadership suggested that group targets might not be achieved if the leader focuses on individual needs. Contingent reward , which is a transactional style of leadership, and supposed to be less effective compared to the five transformational styles of leadership in motivating the workers to optimum out put, was supported by 8 interviewees. They suggested that the use of rewards depending on performance to motivate employees was very effective in enhancing motivation. For the case of management-by-exception active, one interviewee claimed that it was not dispensable while the rest did not endorse it, either. They argued that such leaders cause tension in the work place and hence less motivation of followers. Similarly, management-by exception passive was not approved by any of the interviewees and they expressed their unilateral dislike of the laissez-faire leadership approach.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The third part of the study evaluated the Japanese leadership styles. The opinions of the interviewees on the actual styles of leadership in Japan included directive leadership, participative leadership, social activities outside work, and overtime-work. Two interviewees explained that their leaders embraced directive style of leadership where they give specific orders to be strictly followed, whereas three interviewees mentioned participative leadership. Two of them saw this type of leader as very accommodative and one claimed that the participative style can be problematic if the leader cannot make own decisions. Eight interviewees approved the need for social activities outside work. Seven explained that such activities provide the platform for followers to interact with their leaders and share openly. Furthermore, six interviewees mentioned overtime-work. Most of them thought that there was still overtime-work in most Japanese companies and that the length of the overtime-work d epends, to some degree, on the type of leader in charge. During the study, Protective, network, and gender equality leadership was mentioned by the interviewees. Four interviewees approved the protective leader who can stand up for them and defend them from the onslaught of senior mangers. On the other hand, three interviewees supported the network leadership and expected their leader to help them advance in their career-path by being influential. Furthermore, gender equality was mentioned by three subjects. Two of the interviewees saw it as appropriate for the then current state of affairs in Japan. Only one interviewee considered this idea as being superficial and a western ideology without any relevant Japanese adjustment. The questionnaire results (Phase 2) From the study, 30 respondents, representing 52.6 % felt that the Japanese culture had some convergence with the Western culture as a result of globalisation. 24 (42.1%) thought that internationalisation had not caused any co nvergence between Japanese and western culture, and a low 5.3% were not sure whether there was any convergence. In relation to Bass and Avolio’s full-range leadership model, 51 respondents provided useful information concerning the type of leader(s) whom they would prefer to work with or under. The responses were initially compared with the nine â€Å"assumed categories† from Bass and Avolio’s full-range leadership model. The content analysis method was used in the comparison. From the analyses, 51 % approved the individualised consideration while intellectual stimulation received seven positive comments. Contingent reward, on the other hand, had five respondents supporting it while management-by-exception active had two. Inspirational motivation, idealised influence behaviour, and idealised influence attributed each received one positive comment. Moreover, management-by-exception passive and laissez-faire were approved by none of the respondents. When asked to comment about their individual preferences towards Bass and Avolio’s full-range leadership style, according to the study, most of the respondents did not endorse many of the transformational styles of leadership. In fact, 34 respondents, representing 59.6 % of the respondents, were positive about contingent reward, which is a transactional style of leadership. As for the Japanese leadership styles, the study investigated both the actual and the preferred styles of leadership. 49 responses were considered useful for the research analysis. The participative leadership was the most mentioned followed by directive leadership. Authoritarian and protective leadership follow respectively. Next, there were the bargaining and laissez-faire, followed by supportive style. The ones that were least mentioned are punctual and egocentric leadership. Further findings reveal that Japanese followers believe that their leaders base their judgments more upon their own abilities, competences, and performances instead of gender differences or age. 68.4 % of the respondents approved the worth of overtime-work. Practical implications From the analysis of the findings of both the interviews and questionnaires, leaders who work in Japan would find this case study very useful. It helps them know the preferred styles of leadership within the Bass and Avolio’s full-range leadership model. The leaders will then adjust accordingly for better results. Implications for future research This case study concludes that it is important for researchers to carry out investigations which are culture-specific, for instance in Japan. The case study further notes that western theories should not be generalised under all contexts. The findings provide the link between traditional and modern leadership approaches. The challenge encountered in the study was the small representation of the Japanese people in the research. Future researches should involve more subjects to enhance the credibilit y of the findings. Conclusion This report has attempted to provide a summary of the research into the suitability of Bass and Avolio’s full-range leadership model to the Japanese context. It has highlighted major findings both from the interviews and questionnaires. The highly endorsed style of leadership was the contingent reward. Notably, this was found to contradict the earlier assumption by the Bass and Avolio’s full-range leadership model which is not comprehensive when it comes to leadership preferences by Japanese followers. This report on Leadership Preferences in Japan: an exploratory study was written and submitted by user D0ct0rSpectrum to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Boys and Girls Club Essays

The Boys and Girls Club Essays The Boys and Girls Club Paper The Boys and Girls Club Paper Essay Topic: Marketing The Boys and Girls Club in Billerica is more than a place, its a movement to enable all young people, especially those who need them most, to reach their full potential as productive caring and responsible citizens. By reaching children at an early age and providing positive activities and encouragement, the club provides a compelling alternative to youth crime, gang membership, drugs, and other negative influences that affect youth today. The club promotes the development of young people by instilling a sense of competence, usefulness, influence, and belonging with a goal towards enhancing self-esteem and helping youth achieve their full potential. It is a not-for-profit organization that is continuously trying to raise money to fund its many programs. In addition, it is running a capital campaign to raise $3.5 million for a new facility. Included in the project are new locker rooms, learning center, technology center, expanded kindergarten and games room, the centerpiece being a state of the art gymnasium. When completed, the community will have a facility to be proud of for generations to come. While the organization serves a great purpose and mission, its Internet marketing strategy requires a lot of upgrades. The Boys and Girls club of Billerica should instill a sense of ownership and pride within the community through the new Internet strategy that we are proposing. While the children and youth are the target demographic, the new Marketing strategy will attempt to bring families into the fold. I. Overall Business Objective The following are the three overall business objectives for BGCB: 1. Accelerate fund-raising to meet the $3.5 million capital that needs to be raised for the new building. The strategy should be able to increase donations to the capital campaign and general donations by 12 to 15 percent by February 2010. 2. Increase volunteer enrollment across the board. The strategy should be able to increase volunteer enrollments by 17 to 20 percent by October 2009. 3. Inform target audience about the programs and facilities offered by the Boys and Girls club of Billerica, leading to a 20 percent increase in membership enrollment by February 2010. II. Overall Marketing Objectives The marketing objectives to achieve the above business objectives include: 1. A comprehensive online and offline strategy to generate awareness about BGCB through a targeted print and email campaign using the existing member database. 2. Using social media and other Web 2.0 features to bring youth and their parents into the BGCB fold and generate a sense of ownership with the club 3. Provide a website that encourages repeat visitations through a local online community and enhancing Acquisitions and reinforcing retention. 4. Target local businesses and corporations and their employees to encourage them to donate and make a difference in the local community III. Business Situation /SWOT Analysis III.1. Internal Situation Performance Analysis The performance analysis for the Boys and Girls Club is based on the following factors: The aspect that we need to focus on is Donation and Volunteering. It is ok to talk about these other things, but since our paper deals with those two topics we should add those as factors. * The number of members added each year and total numbers of members. * Participation of the members, including hours each member spends per week/month in the club. * Access the percentage of kids in the community who are in need of these kinds of clubs. * Analyze the nature of the programs offered in the club. Try to improve the existing programs or add new ones. * Concentrate on the traffic in peak hours and implement the Divide and conquer strategy by providing more programs during the peak hours. * How many hours the club is open on weekdays and weekends. Relax the restriction of time constraint by providing extended hours. * How strong the relationship is between the staff and the parents. * Provide online survey to the members. This collects feedback from the kids as well as the parents, which can be channelized to improve the club performance. The survey should be a simple Yes/No 10 questions with a comments section. The survey can be distributed to the email list. The management Strategy will change depending on the activities and workers. The more activities and workers, the more the structure needs to be managed1. Data on Programs of a Similar Nature We need to also add some Capital campaign examples. Capital Campaign is what pays for the building Website Sponsorship Program: This program displays the advertisement for the sponsor website with a membership cost per year. The advertisement also provides direct link to the sponsor website. Cars for Kids Program: This program accepts donation of the vehicles. The vehicles are transported free of charge. The proceeds are utilized for the youth programs. The club will provide receipt, which can be used for tax deduction. Resource Availability and Allocation The club is overseen by a group of concerned community leaders from all walks of life. Lawyers, accountants, architects, insurance agents, bankers, parents of members and other professionals make up this group3. Brainstorm the ideas for fundraising within the volunteers and the staff. This brings out many new ideas that can implement with ease, since the ideas originated from them instead of being forced with an idea. The professional maintenance like website management and money management can be allocated to paid employees. Other tasks related with building design, contractor maintenance, fund raising for the building, material management can be allocated to volunteers who has experience in the related fields. III.2. External Situation Markets Kids Programs Demographics Age group for the programs Town of Billerica and surrounding areas. Competitors * YMCA in Woburn, Lowell Reading YMCA has good reputation and brand name, which attracts members. YMCA has high reliability, which leads to more funding turnovers. * Other Boys Girls clubs in nearby towns like Reading, Lowell. * Private gyms: Golds GYM, Bally Total Fitness, Fitcorp Getronics Fitness Center, Nautilus Plus, Best Fitness, The Club Fitness Health Sport Inc. The private gyms collect expensive fees from the members and hence they have more money to spend for marketing. They also host high standard websites maintained by professional resources. Technological Infrastructure The Website Grader service provided by HubSpot graded the website for Boys and Girls Club of Billerica as 19/1004. The grading depends on various parameters including search engine data, website structure, site performance and traffic. The Search Engine Optimization for the website presents these potential problems existing in the Clubs website: * Very few metadata keywords present in the website available for search engines. * No headings found. This prevents the signal to the search engines, what the website is about. * Most of the images in the Clubs website do not have the alt attribute. The Alt attribute provides the alternative content for images, which can be used by the search engine crawlers. * Interior page analysis provided the same keyword and description for 3 different pages within the main page. * The readability level is Secondary/High School, which is good in perspective of the members. But the readability level should be in much higher level in order to impress all level of target audience. * The time of expiration for the domain of the Clubs website is set to expire in 7 months. In general the search engines penalize the website with domains which are set to expire soon. * Permanent redirect for the website is missing, which reduces the credit from the search engines. * Google Page rank is 3, Google indexed page is 56, Traffic rank is not rated, Inbound links to the website is very less, and the website is not listed in major online directories. * RSS feed is not found. Poor quality website will lead to serious drawbacks to the Clubs growth. The members visiting the website will not take the clubs mission serious if the website doesnt appeal to them. The Clubs website is definitely in need of content management system. Redundant use of the logos, images and information across the pages should be reduced. Content Management System also provides a single access point for the standard templates, newsletters etc. Vinay do u have any feedback on Content management system for this website? Value Chain The Boys and Girls Club is a Non-profit Organization run by few staff and volunteers. This leads to unorganized programs and inconsistent online marketing plans. The club can be focused to function within the value based framework by making it more entrepreneurial in how it manages social programs, recognizing and measuring social value in the delivery of services and products, using logic models for assessment and measurement, and making the connection between emotional intelligence and effective leadership5. These are the external factors, which affect the value chain for any Non Profit Organization, and they apply to the Boys and Girls Club of Billerica: Reference: exinfm.com/training/pdfiles/course15.pdf The strategic planning for the Internet marketing is portrayed in the following logic model: The strategic plan for the online marketing should have a well-defined mission, an outline for the goals, objectives and activities, assessment of current resources and a strategic analysis. The club should set its mission of increasing the funds inflow through online marketing, increase number of volunteers to work on the marketing objective. III.3. SWOT Analysis: Strengths: * The club has nationwide network, which proves its brand name popularity. * The club serves as a secure place for the kids to spend after school hours. * The club serves as a second home for the kids. * Inexpensive fee structure provides opportunities to the low to mid income people. * Community based, which makes kids and their parents more connected to the community. * The technical infrastructure already exists, which maintains the clubs website. * The location is accessible by public transportation, and pick up service is available from the Billerica public schools which makes it convenient for kids and low income families. * Local business support the club to improves the community. * Good relationship between parents and staff members, which improves the quality of service. * The club attracts members with special events like Elementary School Dance, Movie Night and Family Swim Night. * Board members are diverse in age, gender, religion, occupation, skills and background. * Board members share passion and have strong ties to the community. * Good relationship with the administration in the target schools. Weakness: * Board Members dont attend the meetings on a regular basis. Some of them dont contribute either money or time. * Outdated website design with poor navigation between the pages. * Fundraising is very critical. * Fewer programs offered to the kids in peak hours. * Historically challenged in identifying grants from government organizations and local and corporate businesses * Deficit of experienced people resource allocated for marketing. * Inadequate online and offline communication with parents. * Data captured through online database is not being effectively utilized to improve volunteering and philanthropic performance. Opportunities: * Availability of long-term grants provided by large corporations and Universities. * Teenage kids have afterschool hours which need to be utilized in a useful and secured place like the Boys and Girls Club. * Build a relationship with local school districts to introduce innovative programs to help teenagers in the community. * Volunteers from the local community who get personal involvement in improving the club. * A large talent pool of qualified software professionals who can be signed up to volunteer with building a new website and email distribution program. Threats: * Fundraising is becoming increasingly difficult in the current economic climate. * The private gyms and YMCA in the town offer more activities and choices to the kids and parents combined. * Bad reputation created by improperly trained staff. * Higher risk of personal injury claims. * Resistance from parents and families. * Competition from other non-profit organizations. The Boys and Girls club should focus on its weakness and threats to decrease them and concentrate on its opportunities available and utilize them to improve the Marketing Strategy. IV. Marketing Problems and Opportunities Problems related with volunteer programs: * The volunteer program plan for any marketing idea is not consistent. * The volunteers need to be screened before they are in charge for sensitive data or given any responsibility. A simple background check and reference from others will add to the reliability of the person. * Volunteers need to be supervised for a particular period, so that * Training should be provided to the volunteers until they get accustomed to the program. This requires additional resource. Marketing Opportunities: * Search Engine Optimization The technique used to make the website attractive to the search engines6. This includes: adding keywords in the websites title or in link, link popularity based on how many sites linked to the Clubs website, developing content that others want to link to which is called link-baiting, get listed in the online directories. * Attract the offline members to clubs website through FAQ section and support questions. * Banner advertisements are available free of cost which increases click through traffic. * Simple bookmark reminder pop-up window will request visitors to bookmark the website. * Promote volunteer programs for high school kids. This can be added to their community volunteer hours for their school curriculum. The club provides certificates for their volunteer service. * Select board members who currently work in media like newspaper, television or radio. This helps to market the new campaign launched in the club. * Advertise the benefit for the donors when they donate like Tax deduction in bold. This attracts large corporations and wealthy donors. * Local business which is willing to advertise in the Clubs website. * Whenever the club related members interact with outside people, they should encourage them to visit the clubs website. * Offline marketing is to include the website address in all the club related material and communication like brochures, business cards, letterhead, T-Shirts, Coffee cups, press releases, event announcements and invitations.

Company Law for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Company Law for Business - Essay Example It is known to all the consumption and burning of fossil fuel lead to environmental pollution as these activities increases the carbon emission level. High carbon emission level is one of the major reasons behind these growing effects of global warming. The temperature of earth surface is increasing day by day due to massive fossil fuel burning. Looking into these aspects, governments of several countries developed several environmental policies for business organization to limit the consumption percentage of fossil fuel. However, these policies and legal barriers forced the organizations to focus on sustainable business practices. In addition to this, market and customer’s demand for green and environment friendly products. Slowly and gradually, the organizations tried to search for substitute energy sources that can harm less to environment. In addition to this, emergence of advanced technology helped organizations to consider the aspect of green business operation strategy. On the other hand, sustainable business practices helped organizations to avoid legal and political threats. However, corporate social activities are considered as the part of sustainable business strategies. Water recycling, maintaining zero solid waste, reduction of carbon emission, charitable functions for the development of communities and other sustainable business activities are adopted by several organizations to maintain high brand vale and meet current market demand (Hannigan,. 2009, p.71). History of CSR In the year 1990, the leading organizations started to understand the significance of several types of CSR programmes and activities. It was important for the organization to undertake different business strategies to sustain in the competitive business environment. In... This essay approves that governments of different countries are monitoring the business performance of the organizations along with its corporate and business culture. A profitable organization can face several legal and political challenges if the organization does not follow any kind of ethical code, labour standard or environment policy. It is clear from several survey reports that stakeholders are attracting more to those organizations who maintain all the corporate social responsibilities. CSR is not only about maximizing profit and revenue, but also taking care of social and communal aspect through these business outcomes. This report makes a conclusion that leading global firms are focusing on corporate social responsibility activities to maintain sustainable business practices. Recently, the demand of stakeholders and customers are shifting to green business strategies and effective environment friendly business outcome. Earlier the business organizations tried to fulfil social needs by investing in the community and society from the business profit. It created setbacks for several organizations as it increased operational cost. Recently, the organizations are focusing on environmental sustainability in order to maintain their CSR. It is important for the organizations to fulfil all the social and environmental needs through sustainable business strategies in order to attain high brand image.

Arthur Miller's The Death Of A Salesman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Arthur Miller's The Death Of A Salesman - Essay Example Although these created effects that are disturbing, the whole production does not border on being maudlin. The combinations of these impressions were effectively utilized in the play in order to reveal the ideas of self-deception and illusion. The play tells of Willy who dwells in the past to escape the financial dilemma he faces. Willy has an erroneous and rather odd notion of success, which for him requires only wealth and popularity. Linda, Willy Loman's wife, tries to persuade herself that her spouse is psychologically fit. Willy's predicament affects his two sons as a result - Happy who desires to linger in the fantasy world constructed by Willy - and Biff who eventually craves to detach himself from this delusion and accept the reality of Willy's problems which include his affair, his deteriorating career, and the family's dreadful pecuniary condition. Willy's predicament is delineated in this powerful presentation produce by Miss O Productions. Eddie Jones as Willy leads the many compelling performances. Jones has certainly gone beyond the taxing requirements of this immense character. As Willy, Jones is especially engaging which made his portrayal uniquely convincing. Although Jones exuded a very highbrow version of the role, this cerebral representation of Willy did not impede him from identifying effectively with Loman's persona. Jones was indeed Willy personified. Ivan Baccarat and Aaron McPherson take the roles of Biff and Happy, Willy's imprudent and miserable sons. Both are brilliant actors whose brotherly interaction easily convinces the audience. The strong and determined character of Linda is played by Anne Gee Byrd who sometimes exhibited vulnerability. This frailty becomes Ms Byrds strength, in fact, as the audience failed to fit her in any kind of stereotypical behavior. Linda was responsible for keeping Willy from pursuing his dream in Alaska, and Ms Byrd conveyed an intermittent intimation of dissatisfaction, which resulted to Willy's disparaging outbursts toward her more comprehensible. Jeremy Shouldis and Bob Machray are flawless in the roles as Bernard and Uncle Ben, and Alan Charof is a standout performance for the role of Willy's friend Charley. As Arthur Miller transformed the manner which contemporary plays were constructed - involving exquisite scenes and shifts in time - as when Willy's past intermingle with the present in almost harmonious beauty, this innovation cannot be emulated easily in its most fluid form. However, the set for this production fit the play superbly; the set designers constructed space as translucent as the play's fluidity of time. The set design was soundly and imaginatively planned but sometimes generates an effect of opacity. The walls and curtains bestow an unyielding firmness which contrasts with the trancelike configuration of the play. The production is replete with magical scenes emphasized by the flicker of the lights. In the opening scene, Biff talks about his dreams of owning a ranch while Linda tells her boys about her husband's great value. Ben then enters, amidst the playful glimmer of the light - its shades emphasizing this notable entrance. But there are also instances where prompts plunge, lines don't come easy, staging is dreary, fluidity is irregular and actors lose balance on the stage amidst the